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Why Broccoli Tastes Terrible (to Some People)

为什么有人觉得西兰花特别难吃
词数 340 生词 16 个 核心词 11 个 适合 初二至初三

这篇文章讲一件你可能每天都在经历的事。西兰花为什么那么难吃?科学家说大约四分之一的人天生味蕾特别多,苦味的感受比别人强好几倍,这种人叫「超级味觉者」。讨厌蔬菜可能真的怪不了你,是基因决定的。文章里 taste、bitter、experience、prefer、accept 这些词在中考阅读和完形里很常见。

怎么用这一篇
1先整篇读一遍,一个词都别查。读不懂的地方跳过去,只求知道大概在讲什么。
2第二遍点开带下划线的生词,读完释义再回到句子里,看它在这句话里是怎么用的。
3最后拉到文末的生词表,按「盖住释义」自己回忆一遍,想不起来的点开那一行。

Here is a question that has started more arguments at dinner tables than almost anything else: does broccoli bad? If you hate it, you have been told to just eat it. If you love it, you cannot understand what the fuss is about. Turns out, you might be tasting completely different things.

一个在饭桌上引发过无数争吵的问题。西兰花到底难不难吃?讨厌的人被逼着吃了多少年了,喜欢的人又完全搞不懂有什么好嫌的。真相是,你们嘴里尝到的可能根本就是两种东西。

Scientists have found that about twenty-five per cent of people are "supertasters." These people have more bumps on their called taste buds, sometimes twice as many as everyone else. Because they have so many, they are extremely to flavours. A piece of broccoli that tastes mild to your friend can taste awful to you.

科学家发现,大约百分之二十五的人属于「超级味觉者」。这些人舌头上的味蕾凸起比普通人多,有时候多出一倍。味蕾多了,对苦味就格外敏感。你朋友觉得味道很淡的一块西兰花,到你嘴里可能难吃得要命。

Why the difference? It comes down to your . A single gene whether you can a called PTC. If you carry the right version of this gene, PTC tastes very bitter. Broccoli, cabbage, and dark chocolate all chemicals similar to PTC, so people with this gene often find these foods hard to swallow.

为什么会有这种差别?跟你的基因有关。有一个基因决定了你能不能辨认出一种叫 PTC 的化学物质。如果你携带了这个基因的某个版本,PTC 吃起来非常苦。西兰花、卷心菜、黑巧克力里都含有跟 PTC 类似的化学成分,所以有这个基因的人吃这些东西经常觉得难以下咽。

Research suggests that this ability served an important purpose long ago. Many poisonous plants in nature taste bitter. People who could bitterness more strongly were better at avoiding dangerous food. Over thousands of years, the gene was passed down because it helped people survive.

研究认为,这种能力在很久以前有重要作用。自然界里很多有毒的植物尝起来是苦的。能更强烈地感受到苦味的人,更擅长避开危险的食物。经过几千年,这个基因一直被传了下来,因为它帮人活命。

So the next time someone tells you to stop being picky, you have science on your side. You do not vegetables because you are difficult. Your mouth is simply receiving a stronger signal. Some kids about vegetables at every meal, and the around them think they are making excuses. But biology does not care about table manners.

所以下次有人说你挑食的时候,你有科学撑腰了。你讨厌蔬菜跟矫情没关系,你的嘴接收到了更强的信号。有些孩子每顿饭都在抱怨蔬菜,身边的大人觉得他们在找借口。但是生物学可不管餐桌礼仪。

Here is the good news. As you grow older, some of your taste buds stop working, and flavours become less intense. Many adults start to foods they refused as children. You will not wake up one day suddenly loving broccoli. But you might try it again and think, "That is not bad." Or you might to skip it forever. Either way, now you know why.

好消息来了。随着年龄增长,一部分味蕾会慢慢失灵,味觉变得没那么强烈。很多大人逐渐开始接受小时候死活不肯吃的东西。你不会某天一觉醒来突然爱上西兰花。但也许有一天你再尝一口会想,「好像也没那么难吃」。又或者你更愿意一辈子不碰它。都行,反正现在你知道为什么了。

生词表(16 个)

taste/teɪst/核心
v. / n.尝起来;味道
taste + adj. 尝起来……,如 taste good/bad/sweet。作名词 have a taste of 尝一尝。完形和写作高频词。
Does broccoli taste bad?
bitter/ˈbɪtə(r)/核心
adj.苦的
形容食物或药的味道。比喻义可以表示「痛苦的」,bitter experience 痛苦的经历。反义词 sweet。
They are extremely sensitive to bitter flavours.
sensitive/ˈsensətɪv/拓展
adj.敏感的
be sensitive to 对……敏感,to 是介词。名词 sense 感觉、感官。科普类阅读常见词。
They are extremely sensitive to bitter flavours.
prefer/prɪˈfɜː(r)/核心
v.更喜欢,偏爱
prefer A to B 比起 B 更喜欢 A,prefer to do / prefer doing 更愿意做。中考语法选择题常考搭配。
Or you might prefer to skip it forever.
gene/dʒiːn/拓展
n.基因
形容词 genetic 遗传的。科普阅读里的常见话题词,中考偶尔出现在阅读理解中。
It comes down to your genes.
determine/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/核心
v.决定,确定
determine + 从句,意思是「决定了……」。形容词 determined 表示「有决心的」,be determined to do sth. 写作常用。
A single gene determines whether you can recognize a chemical called PTC.
tongue/tʌŋ/核心
n.舌头
mother tongue 母语。拼写注意末尾有 -ue,读音不发这个 /ue/。
These people have more bumps on their tongue called taste buds.
chemical/ˈkemɪkl/拓展
n. / adj.化学物质;化学的
作名词指化学物质,作形容词如 chemical reaction 化学反应。理科类阅读常见。
A single gene determines whether you can recognize a chemical called PTC.
experience/ɪkˈspɪəriəns/核心
v. / n.经历,体验;经验
作动词「经历、体验」,作名词可数和不可数意思不同,an experience 一次经历,experience 经验。中考高频词。
People who could experience bitterness more strongly were better at avoiding dangerous food.
adult/ˈædʌlt/核心
n. / adj.成年人;成年的
可以作名词也可以作形容词。跟 teenager、child 对比记忆,阅读理解里经常用来区分年龄段。
The adults around them think they are making excuses.
gradually/ˈɡrædʒuəli/核心
adv.逐渐地
形容词 gradual 逐渐的。写作里用来表示变化过程,比 slowly 更书面,完形里也会考。
Many adults gradually start to accept foods they refused as children.
dislike/dɪsˈlaɪk/核心
v. / n.不喜欢,厌恶
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事。dis- 前缀表示否定,类似的词有 disagree、disappear、discover。
You do not dislike vegetables because you are difficult.
accept/əkˈsept/核心
v.接受
accept 和 receive 的区别是中考考点。receive 是「收到」,accept 是「愿意接受」。accept one's advice/invitation 写作常用。
Many adults gradually start to accept foods they refused as children.
contain/kənˈteɪn/拓展
v.含有,包含
contain 强调「里面含有」,主语是容器或物品。名词 container 容器。阅读说明文里经常出现。
Broccoli, cabbage, and dark chocolate all contain chemicals similar to PTC.
recognize/ˈrekəɡnaɪz/核心
v.辨认出,认出
recognize sb./sth. 认出某人/某物。也可以表示「承认」。英式拼写可以写 recognise。名词 recognition。
A single gene determines whether you can recognize a chemical called PTC.
complain/kəmˈpleɪn/拓展
v.抱怨,投诉
complain about/of sth. 抱怨某事,complain that... 抱怨说……。名词 complaint 投诉。写作里用得上。
Some kids complain about vegetables at every meal.

读懂了没有

三道题只测有没有读懂,不测记不记得单词。
1. What is special about "supertasters"?
第二段说超级味觉者的舌头上味蕾凸起更多,sometimes twice as many as everyone else,所以对苦味格外敏感。文中没有提到嗅觉,也没有说别人完全尝不到。
2. According to the article, why did the gene for tasting bitterness survive for thousands of years?
第四段说有毒的植物尝起来是苦的,能更强烈感受到苦味的人更擅长避开危险食物,所以这个基因被保留了下来。跟喜欢的食物种类多少无关,也没说吃蔬菜变强壮。
3. What does the article say about how taste changes as people get older?
最后一段说随着年龄增长一部分味蕾会失灵,味觉变得没那么强烈。文中说的是 some taste buds stop working,没有说完全失去苦味感知,也没有说味蕾会增多。
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