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Why Cats Always Land on Their Feet

猫为什么摔不坏
词数 336 生词 16 个 核心词 11 个 适合 初二至初三

猫掉下去没蹬任何东西,怎么就能四脚着地?科学家为这件事困惑了一百多年。这篇英语科普文把答案讲清楚,里面 land、separate、manage 这些词在中考完形和阅读里经常碰到。

怎么用这一篇
1先整篇读一遍,一个词都别查。读不懂的地方跳过去,只求知道大概在讲什么。
2第二遍点开带下划线的生词,读完释义再回到句子里,看它在这句话里是怎么用的。
3最后拉到文末的生词表,按「盖住释义」自己回忆一遍,想不起来的点开那一行。

Drop a cat from your lap. Not from a building — that would be cruel and also illegal. Just from your lap. It on its feet. Every time. Dogs don't do this. Hamsters definitely don't do this. So what is the cat's secret?

把一只猫从腿上放下来。别从楼上扔,那太残忍,而且违法。从腿上就行。它四脚着地。每次都这样。狗做不到,仓鼠更做不到。猫是怎么做到的?

Here is the strange part. When something falls and spins in the air, physics says it needs to push off a to start turning. A diver pushes off the board to . But a falling cat has nothing to push off. It just... flips. For over a hundred years, scientists could not this puzzle.

奇怪的地方在这里。一个东西在空中掉落时想要翻转,物理学说它得蹬一个面才能转起来。跳水运动员蹬跳板就能旋转。可是掉下去的猫什么都没蹬,就那么翻过来了。一百多年来,科学家都解释不了这件事。

The answer came from slow-motion cameras in the 1960s. A falling cat its body into two halves by bending its spine. The upper half rotates in one while the lower half turns the other way. At the same time, the cat pulls its front legs close to its chest and extends its back legs outward. This changes the of each , allowing the cat to turn its whole body around without breaking any law of physics.

答案来自 1960 年代的慢动作摄像机。猫在下落时弯曲柔韧的脊柱,把身体分成上下两截。上半身朝一个方向转,下半身朝另一个方向转。同时前腿收到胸前,后腿往外伸。这样每一次扭转的速度就不同了,猫可以让整个身体翻过来,而且不违反任何物理定律。

The whole move takes less than a third of a second. Scientists call it the "righting ," and cats are born with it. Kittens begin practising the skill at just three to four weeks old. No one teaches them. Their and know what to do before their brains even finish developing.

整套动作不到三分之一秒。科学家叫它「翻正反射」,猫天生就会。小猫出生三到四周就开始练了。没有谁教过它们,肌肉和本能在大脑发育完成之前就知道该怎么做。

This trick caught the attention of an unexpected group: space scientists. In the 1960s, NASA studied how cats to flip without anything to push against, because astronauts in zero face the same problem. If you have ever watched a slow-motion video of a cat falling, you have watched the same clip that helped engineers design how astronauts change in space.

连航天科学家都盯上了这个本领。1960 年代,NASA 研究猫怎么在没东西蹬的情况下翻身,因为宇航员在零重力环境里遇到的是同一个问题。如果你看过猫下落的慢动作视频,你看的就是帮工程师设计宇航员在太空中调整姿势的那段影像。

So the next time a cat rolls off your sofa and finds its on four paws, don't just say "cute." Say "physics." That little twist took scientists a century to figure out. The cat does it before you finish blinking.

下次看到猫从沙发上滚下来、四只脚站稳的时候,别只说一句「好可爱」。说「这是物理」。这个小小的翻转动作,科学家花了一个世纪才弄明白。猫在你眨完一次眼之前就做完了。

生词表(16 个)

land/lænd/核心
v. / n.着陆,降落;陆地
land on one's feet 四脚着地,也比喻安然脱困。作名词 on land 在陆地上。中考阅读一词多义常考,作动词和作名词意思差很多。
It lands on its feet. Every time.
surface/ˈsɜːfɪs/核心
n.表面,表层
on the surface 表面上看,the surface of the water 水面。写作里 on the surface 可以引出表象和真相的对比。
Physics says it needs to push off a surface to start turning.
solve/sɒlv/核心
v.解决,解答
solve a problem/puzzle 解决问题。solve 后面直接跟宾语,不加 out。名词 solution,注意搭配 the solution to(介词用 to)。
For over a hundred years, scientists could not solve this puzzle.
separate/ˈsepəreɪt/核心
v. / adj.分开;单独的
作动词读 /ˈsepəreɪt/,作形容词读 /ˈseprət/,拼写一样发音不同,听力和人机对话要注意。搭配 separate A from B 把 A 和 B 分开。
A falling cat separates its body into two halves by bending its flexible spine.
flexible/ˈfleksəbl/拓展
adj.灵活的,柔韧的
flexible hours 弹性工作时间,flexible body 柔韧的身体。反义词 rigid/stiff。阅读拓展词,看到能认出意思就行。
A falling cat separates its body into two halves by bending its flexible spine.
rotate/rəʊˈteɪt/拓展
v.旋转,转动
名词 rotation。比 turn 正式,多用在科学语境里。the earth rotates 地球自转,rotate around 围绕……旋转。
A diver pushes off the board to rotate.
direction/dəˈrekʃn/核心
n.方向;指导
in the direction of 朝……方向,in all directions 四面八方(注意复数加 s)。ask for directions 问路。中考完形和写作常用词。
The upper half rotates in one direction while the lower half turns the other way.
speed/spiːd/核心
n. / v.速度;加速
at high/full speed 高速/全速。speed up 加速,slow down 减速,这组搭配完形常考。过去式 sped 或 speeded 都可以。
This changes the speed of each twist.
twist/twɪst/核心
n. / v.扭转,旋转;转折
twist one's ankle 扭伤脚踝。在故事里 a twist 指情节转折,在科学文章里指物理上的扭转。中考阅读里两种意思都会碰到。
This changes the speed of each twist.
reflex/ˈriːfleks/拓展
n.反射(动作),本能反应
生物课上学过的条件反射是 conditioned reflex。这篇里的 righting reflex 指猫天生的翻正反射。科普类阅读的拓展词,能认就行。
Scientists call it the "righting reflex," and cats are born with it.
muscle/ˈmʌsl/核心
n.肌肉
注意 c 不发音,读 /ˈmʌsl/。build muscle 增肌,muscle pain 肌肉酸痛。拼写别丢中间的 c。
Their muscles and instincts know what to do before their brains even finish developing.
instinct/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/拓展
n.本能,直觉
by instinct 凭本能,survival instinct 求生本能。形容词 instinctive 本能的。阅读拓展词,看到能猜出意思就行。
Their muscles and instincts know what to do before their brains even finish developing.
manage/ˈmænɪdʒ/核心
v.设法做到;管理
manage to do sth. 设法做成了某事,强调结果成功了,中考完形填空常考。名词 manager 经理。两个意思都要认。
NASA studied how cats manage to flip without anything to push against.
gravity/ˈɡrævəti/拓展
n.重力;严重性
zero gravity 零重力/失重。the gravity of the situation 形势的严重性。两个意思差很远,理科类文章里基本都是重力。
Astronauts in zero gravity face the same problem.
position/pəˈzɪʃn/核心
n.位置;职位
in position 在适当位置,in a difficult position 处境困难。也指职位,apply for a position 申请职位。中考阅读一词多义常考。
It helped engineers design how astronauts change position in space.
balance/ˈbæləns/核心
n. / v.平衡
keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡,a balance between A and B 在 A 和 B 之间取平衡。写作里描写动作和心理都用得上。
A cat rolls off your sofa and finds its balance on four paws.

读懂了没有

三道题只测有没有读懂,不测记不记得单词。
1. Why was the cat's mid-air flip a puzzle for scientists?
第二段说了物理学的要求,要翻转就得蹬一个面才能转起来,而猫在空中没有东西可以蹬。选项 A 原文没提猫的体重,选项 B 原文没说观察不到猫下落。
2. According to the passage, how does a cat turn its body around while falling?
第三段详细描述了猫的翻转过程,弯曲脊柱把身体分成上下两截,上下半身朝不同方向转。选项 B 原文没有提到尾巴,选项 C 说同时绷紧所有肌肉也跟原文不符。
3. Why did NASA study the way cats flip?
第五段说 NASA 研究猫在没有东西蹬的情况下怎么翻身,因为宇航员在零重力环境里遇到的是同一个问题。选项 A 原文没提用猫做太空实验,选项 C 是干扰项,原文没有这个说法。
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